Global Kosher Food Certification Market 2022 by Company, Regions, Type and Application, Forecast to 2028

  • receipt Report ID : 111274
  • calendar_today Published On: Mar, 2022
  • file_copy Pages: 156
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The Kosher Food Certification market report provides a detailed analysis of global market size, regional and country-level market size, segmentation market growth, market share, competitive Landscape, sales analysis, impact of domestic and global market players, value chain optimization, trade regulations, recent developments, opportunities analysis, strategic market growth analysis, product launches, area marketplace expanding, and technological innovations.

According to our latest study, due to COVID-19 pandemic, the global Kosher Food Certification market size is estimated to be worth US$ million in 2021 and is forecast to a readjusted size of USD million by 2028 with a CAGR of % during review period. Individual products accounting for % of the Kosher Food Certification global market in 2021, is projected to value USD million by 2028, growing at a % CAGR in next six years. While Food segment is altered to a % CAGR between 2022 and 2028.

Global key companies of Kosher Food Certification include OU, OK, KOF-K, Star-K, and CRC, etc. In terms of revenue, the global top four players hold a share over % in 2021.

Market segmentation

Kosher Food Certification market is split by Type and by Application. For the period 2017-2028, the growth among segments provide accurate calculations and forecasts for revenue by Type and by Application. This analysis can help you expand your business by targeting qualified niche markets.

Market segment by Type, covers

Food

Beverages

Market segment by Application, can be divided into

Individual products

Production facilities

Retail premises

Market segment by players, this report covers

OU

OK

KOF-K

Star-K

CRC

ALS

DEKRA

Market segment by regions, regional analysis covers

North America (United States, Canada, and Mexico)

Europe (Germany, France, UK, Russia, Italy, and Rest of Europe)

Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, South Korea, India, Southeast Asia, Australia, and Rest of Asia-Pacific)

South America (Brazil, Argentina, Rest of South America)

Middle East & Africa (Turkey, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Rest of Middle East & Africa)

The content of the study subjects, includes a total of 12 chapters:

Chapter 1, to describe Kosher Food Certification product scope, market overview, market opportunities, market driving force and market risks.

Chapter 2, to profile the top players of Kosher Food Certification, with revenue, gross margin and global market share of Kosher Food Certification from 2019 to 2022.

Chapter 3, the Kosher Food Certification competitive situation, revenue and global market share of top players are analyzed emphatically by landscape contrast.

Chapter 4 and 5, to segment the market size by Type and application, with revenue and growth rate by Type, application, from 2017 to 2028.

Chapter 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10, to break the market size data at the country level, with revenue and market share for key countries in the world, from 2017 to 2022.and Kosher Food Certification market forecast, by regions, type and application, with revenue, from 2023 to 2028.

Chapter 11 and 12, to describe Kosher Food Certification research findings and conclusion, appendix and data source.

Frequently Asked Questions

The base year for the study has been considered 2019, historic year 2014 and 2018, the forecast period considered is from 2020 to 2027. The regions analyzed for the market include North America, Europe, South America, Asia Pacific, and Middle East and Africa. These regions are further analyzed at the country-level. The study also includes attractiveness analysis of type, application and regions which are benchmarked based on their market size, growth rate and attractiveness in terms of present and future opportunity for understanding the future growth of the market.

Market is segmented on the basis:

  • By Type
  • By Application
  • By Region
  • By Country
  • By Manufacturer

The report offers in-depth analysis of driving factors, opportunities, restraints, and challenges for gaining the key insight of the market. The report emphasizes on all the key trends that play a vital role in the enlargement of the market from 2019 to 2026.

The report provides company profile of the key players operating in the market and a comparative analysis based on their business overviews industry offering, segment market share, regional presence, business strategies, innovations, mergers & acquisitions, recent developments, joint venture, collaborations, partnerships, SWOT analysis, and key financial information.

1 Market Overview

1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Kosher Food Certification

1.2 Classification of Kosher Food Certification by Type

1.2.1 Overview: Global Kosher Food Certification Market Size by Type: 2017 Versus 2021 Versus 2028

1.2.2 Global Kosher Food Certification Revenue Market Share by Type in 2021

1.2.3 Food

1.2.4 Beverages

1.3 Global Kosher Food Certification Market by Application

1.3.1 Overview: Global Kosher Food Certification Market Size by Application: 2017 Versus 2021 Versus 2028

1.3.2 Individual products

1.3.3 Production facilities

1.3.4 Retail premises

1.4 Global Kosher Food Certification Market Size & Forecast

1.5 Global Kosher Food Certification Market Size and Forecast by Region

1.5.1 Global Kosher Food Certification Market Size by Region: 2017 VS 2021 VS 2028

1.5.2 Global Kosher Food Certification Market Size by Region, (2017-2022)

1.5.3 North America Kosher Food Certification Market Size and Prospect (2017-2028)

1.5.4 Europe Kosher Food Certification Market Size and Prospect (2017-2028)

1.5.5 Asia-Pacific Kosher Food Certification Market Size and Prospect (2017-2028)

1.5.6 South America Kosher Food Certification Market Size and Prospect (2017-2028)

1.5.7 Middle East and Africa Kosher Food Certification Market Size and Prospect (2017-2028)

1.6 Market Drivers, Restraints and Trends

1.6.1 Kosher Food Certification Market Drivers

1.6.2 Kosher Food Certification Market Restraints

1.6.3 Kosher Food Certification Trends Analysis

2 Company Profiles

2.1 OU

2.1.1 OU Details

2.1.2 OU Major Business

2.1.3 OU Kosher Food Certification Product and Solutions

2.1.4 OU Kosher Food Certification Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)

2.1.5 OU Recent Developments and Future Plans

2.2 OK

2.2.1 OK Details

2.2.2 OK Major Business

2.2.3 OK Kosher Food Certification Product and Solutions

2.2.4 OK Kosher Food Certification Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)

2.2.5 OK Recent Developments and Future Plans

2.3 KOF-K

2.3.1 KOF-K Details

2.3.2 KOF-K Major Business

2.3.3 KOF-K Kosher Food Certification Product and Solutions

2.3.4 KOF-K Kosher Food Certification Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)

2.3.5 KOF-K Recent Developments and Future Plans

2.4 Star-K

2.4.1 Star-K Details

2.4.2 Star-K Major Business

2.4.3 Star-K Kosher Food Certification Product and Solutions

2.4.4 Star-K Kosher Food Certification Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)

2.4.5 Star-K Recent Developments and Future Plans

2.5 CRC

2.5.1 CRC Details

2.5.2 CRC Major Business

2.5.3 CRC Kosher Food Certification Product and Solutions

2.5.4 CRC Kosher Food Certification Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)

2.5.5 CRC Recent Developments and Future Plans

2.6 ALS

2.6.1 ALS Details

2.6.2 ALS Major Business

2.6.3 ALS Kosher Food Certification Product and Solutions

2.6.4 ALS Kosher Food Certification Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)

2.6.5 ALS Recent Developments and Future Plans

2.7 DEKRA

2.7.1 DEKRA Details

2.7.2 DEKRA Major Business

2.7.3 DEKRA Kosher Food Certification Product and Solutions

2.7.4 DEKRA Kosher Food Certification Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)

2.7.5 DEKRA Recent Developments and Future Plans

3 Market Competition, by Players

3.1 Global Kosher Food Certification Revenue and Share by Players (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)

3.2 Market Concentration Rate

3.2.1 Top 3 Kosher Food Certification Players Market Share in 2021

3.2.2 Top 10 Kosher Food Certification Players Market Share in 2021

3.2.3 Market Competition Trend

3.3 Kosher Food Certification Players Head Office, Products and Services Provided

3.4 Kosher Food Certification Mergers & Acquisitions

3.5 Kosher Food Certification New Entrants and Expansion Plans

4 Market Size Segment by Type

4.1 Global Kosher Food Certification Revenue and Market Share by Type (2017-2022)

4.2 Global Kosher Food Certification Market Forecast by Type (2023-2028)

5 Market Size Segment by Application

5.1 Global Kosher Food Certification Revenue Market Share by Application (2017-2022)

5.2 Global Kosher Food Certification Market Forecast by Application (2023-2028)

6 North America by Country, by Type, and by Application

6.1 North America Kosher Food Certification Revenue by Type (2017-2028)

6.2 North America Kosher Food Certification Revenue by Application (2017-2028)

6.3 North America Kosher Food Certification Market Size by Country

6.3.1 North America Kosher Food Certification Revenue by Country (2017-2028)

6.3.2 United States Kosher Food Certification Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)

6.3.3 Canada Kosher Food Certification Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)

6.3.4 Mexico Kosher Food Certification Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)

7 Europe by Country, by Type, and by Application

7.1 Europe Kosher Food Certification Revenue by Type (2017-2028)

7.2 Europe Kosher Food Certification Revenue by Application (2017-2028)

7.3 Europe Kosher Food Certification Market Size by Country

7.3.1 Europe Kosher Food Certification Revenue by Country (2017-2028)

7.3.2 Germany Kosher Food Certification Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)

7.3.3 France Kosher Food Certification Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)

7.3.4 United Kingdom Kosher Food Certification Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)

7.3.5 Russia Kosher Food Certification Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)

7.3.6 Italy Kosher Food Certification Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)

8 Asia-Pacific by Region, by Type, and by Application

8.1 Asia-Pacific Kosher Food Certification Revenue by Type (2017-2028)

8.2 Asia-Pacific Kosher Food Certification Revenue by Application (2017-2028)

8.3 Asia-Pacific Kosher Food Certification Market Size by Region

8.3.1 Asia-Pacific Kosher Food Certification Revenue by Region (2017-2028)

8.3.2 China Kosher Food Certification Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)

8.3.3 Japan Kosher Food Certification Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)

8.3.4 South Korea Kosher Food Certification Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)

8.3.5 India Kosher Food Certification Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)

8.3.6 Southeast Asia Kosher Food Certification Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)

8.3.7 Australia Kosher Food Certification Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)

9 South America by Country, by Type, and by Application

9.1 South America Kosher Food Certification Revenue by Type (2017-2028)

9.2 South America Kosher Food Certification Revenue by Application (2017-2028)

9.3 South America Kosher Food Certification Market Size by Country

9.3.1 South America Kosher Food Certification Revenue by Country (2017-2028)

9.3.2 Brazil Kosher Food Certification Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)

9.3.3 Argentina Kosher Food Certification Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)

10 Middle East & Africa by Country, by Type, and by Application

10.1 Middle East & Africa Kosher Food Certification Revenue by Type (2017-2028)

10.2 Middle East & Africa Kosher Food Certification Revenue by Application (2017-2028)

10.3 Middle East & Africa Kosher Food Certification Market Size by Country

10.3.1 Middle East & Africa Kosher Food Certification Revenue by Country (2017-2028)

10.3.2 Turkey Kosher Food Certification Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)

10.3.3 Saudi Arabia Kosher Food Certification Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)

10.3.4 UAE Kosher Food Certification Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)

11 Research Findings and Conclusion

12 Appendix

12.1 Methodology

12.2 Research Process and Data Source

12.3 Disclaimer

List of Tables

Table 1. Global Kosher Food Certification Revenue by Type, (USD Million), 2017 VS 2021 VS 2028

Table 2. Global Kosher Food Certification Revenue by Application, (USD Million), 2017 VS 2021 VS 2028

Table 3. Global Market Kosher Food Certification Revenue (Million USD) Comparison by Region (2017 VS 2021 VS 2028)

Table 4. Global Kosher Food Certification Revenue (USD Million) by Region (2017-2022)

Table 5. Global Kosher Food Certification Revenue Market Share by Region (2023-2028)

Table 6. OU Corporate Information, Head Office, and Major Competitors

Table 7. OU Major Business

Table 8. OU Kosher Food Certification Product and Solutions

Table 9. OU Kosher Food Certification Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)

Table 10. OK Corporate Information, Head Office, and Major Competitors

Table 11. OK Major Business

Table 12. OK Kosher Food Certification Product and Solutions

Table 13. OK Kosher Food Certification Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)

Table 14. KOF-K Corporate Information, Head Office, and Major Competitors

Table 15. KOF-K Major Business

Table 16. KOF-K Kosher Food Certification Product and Solutions

Table 17. KOF-K Kosher Food Certification Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)

Table 18. Star-K Corporate Information, Head Office, and Major Competitors

Table 19. Star-K Major Business

Table 20. Star-K Kosher Food Certification Product and Solutions

Table 21. Star-K Kosher Food Certification Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)

Table 22. CRC Corporate Information, Head Office, and Major Competitors

Table 23. CRC Major Business

Table 24. CRC Kosher Food Certification Product and Solutions

Table 25. CRC Kosher Food Certification Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)

Table 26. ALS Corporate Information, Head Office, and Major Competitors

Table 27. ALS Major Business

Table 28. ALS Kosher Food Certification Product and Solutions

Table 29. ALS Kosher Food Certification Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)

Table 30. DEKRA Corporate Information, Head Office, and Major Competitors

Table 31. DEKRA Major Business

Table 32. DEKRA Kosher Food Certification Product and Solutions

Table 33. DEKRA Kosher Food Certification Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)

Table 34. Global Kosher Food Certification Revenue (USD Million) by Players (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)

Table 35. Global Kosher Food Certification Revenue Share by Players (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)

Table 36. Breakdown of Kosher Food Certification by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3)

Table 37. Kosher Food Certification Players Head Office, Products and Services Provided

Table 38. Kosher Food Certification Mergers & Acquisitions in the Past Five Years

Table 39. Kosher Food Certification New Entrants and Expansion Plans

Table 40. Global Kosher Food Certification Revenue (USD Million) by Type (2017-2022)

Table 41. Global Kosher Food Certification Revenue Share by Type (2017-2022)

Table 42. Global Kosher Food Certification Revenue Forecast by Type (2023-2028)

Table 43. Global Kosher Food Certification Revenue by Application (2017-2022)

Table 44. Global Kosher Food Certification Revenue Forecast by Application (2023-2028)

Table 45. North America Kosher Food Certification Revenue by Type (2017-2022) & (USD Million)

Table 46. North America Kosher Food Certification Revenue by Type (2023-2028) & (USD Million)

Table 47. North America Kosher Food Certification Revenue by Application (2017-2022) & (USD Million)

Table 48. North America Kosher Food Certification Revenue by Application (2023-2028) & (USD Million)

Table 49. North America Kosher Food Certification Revenue by Country (2017-2022) & (USD Million)

Table 50. North America Kosher Food Certification Revenue by Country (2023-2028) & (USD Million)

Table 51. Europe Kosher Food Certification Revenue by Type (2017-2022) & (USD Million)

Table 52. Europe Kosher Food Certification Revenue by Type (2023-2028) & (USD Million)

Table 53. Europe Kosher Food Certification Revenue by Application (2017-2022) & (USD Million)

Table 54. Europe Kosher Food Certification Revenue by Application (2023-2028) & (USD Million)

Table 55. Europe Kosher Food Certification Revenue by Country (2017-2022) & (USD Million)

Table 56. Europe Kosher Food Certification Revenue by Country (2023-2028) & (USD Million)

Table 57. Asia-Pacific Kosher Food Certification Revenue by Type (2017-2022) & (USD Million)

Table 58. Asia-Pacific Kosher Food Certification Revenue by Type (2023-2028) & (USD Million)

Table 59. Asia-Pacific Kosher Food Certification Revenue by Application (2017-2022) & (USD Million)

Table 60. Asia-Pacific Kosher Food Certification Revenue by Application (2023-2028) & (USD Million)

Table 61. Asia-Pacific Kosher Food Certification Revenue by Region (2017-2022) & (USD Million)

Table 62. Asia-Pacific Kosher Food Certification Revenue by Region (2023-2028) & (USD Million)

Table 63. South America Kosher Food Certification Revenue by Type (2017-2022) & (USD Million)

Table 64. South America Kosher Food Certification Revenue by Type (2023-2028) & (USD Million)

Table 65. South America Kosher Food Certification Revenue by Application (2017-2022) & (USD Million)

Table 66. South America Kosher Food Certification Revenue by Application (2023-2028) & (USD Million)

Table 67. South America Kosher Food Certification Revenue by Country (2017-2022) & (USD Million)

Table 68. South America Kosher Food Certification Revenue by Country (2023-2028) & (USD Million)

Table 69. Middle East & Africa Kosher Food Certification Revenue by Type (2017-2022) & (USD Million)

Table 70. Middle East & Africa Kosher Food Certification Revenue by Type (2023-2028) & (USD Million)

Table 71. Middle East & Africa Kosher Food Certification Revenue by Application (2017-2022) & (USD Million)

Table 72. Middle East & Africa Kosher Food Certification Revenue by Application (2023-2028) & (USD Million)

Table 73. Middle East & Africa Kosher Food Certification Revenue by Country (2017-2022) & (USD Million)

Table 74. Middle East & Africa Kosher Food Certification Revenue by Country (2023-2028) & (USD Million)

List of Figures

Figure 1. Kosher Food Certification Picture

Figure 2. Global Kosher Food Certification Revenue Market Share by Type in 2021

Figure 3. Food

Figure 4. Beverages

Figure 5. Kosher Food Certification Revenue Market Share by Application in 2021

Figure 6. Individual products Picture

Figure 7. Production facilities Picture

Figure 8. Retail premises Picture

Figure 9. Global Kosher Food Certification Market Size, (USD Million): 2017 VS 2021 VS 2028

Figure 10. Global Kosher Food Certification Revenue and Forecast (2017-2028) & (USD Million)

Figure 11. Global Kosher Food Certification Revenue Market Share by Region (2017-2028)

Figure 12. Global Kosher Food Certification Revenue Market Share by Region in 2021

Figure 13. North America Kosher Food Certification Revenue (USD Million) and Growth Rate (2017-2028)

Figure 14. Europe Kosher Food Certification Revenue (USD Million) and Growth Rate (2017-2028)

Figure 15. Asia-Pacific Kosher Food Certification Revenue (USD Million) and Growth Rate (2017-2028)

Figure 16. South America Kosher Food Certification Revenue (USD Million) and Growth Rate (2017-2028)

Figure 17. Middle East and Africa Kosher Food Certification Revenue (USD Million) and Growth Rate (2017-2028)

Figure 18. Kosher Food Certification Market Drivers

Figure 19. Kosher Food Certification Market Restraints

Figure 20. Kosher Food Certification Market Trends

Figure 21. OU Recent Developments and Future Plans

Figure 22. OK Recent Developments and Future Plans

Figure 23. KOF-K Recent Developments and Future Plans

Figure 24. Star-K Recent Developments and Future Plans

Figure 25. CRC Recent Developments and Future Plans

Figure 26. ALS Recent Developments and Future Plans

Figure 27. DEKRA Recent Developments and Future Plans

Figure 28. Global Kosher Food Certification Revenue Share by Players in 2021

Figure 29. Kosher Food Certification Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3) in 2021

Figure 30. Global Top 3 Players Kosher Food Certification Revenue Market Share in 2021

Figure 31. Global Top 10 Players Kosher Food Certification Revenue Market Share in 2021

Figure 32. Key Players Market Share Trend (Top 3 Market Share: 2020 VS 2021 VS 2022)

Figure 33. Global Kosher Food Certification Revenue Share by Type in 2021

Figure 34. Global Kosher Food Certification Market Share Forecast by Type (2023-2028)

Figure 35. Global Kosher Food Certification Revenue Share by Application in 2021

Figure 36. Global Kosher Food Certification Market Share Forecast by Application (2023-2028)

Figure 37. North America Kosher Food Certification Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2028)

Figure 38. North America Kosher Food Certification Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2028)

Figure 39. North America Kosher Food Certification Revenue Market Share by Country (2017-2028)

Figure 40. United States Kosher Food Certification Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)

Figure 41. Canada Kosher Food Certification Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)

Figure 42. Mexico Kosher Food Certification Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)

Figure 43. Europe Kosher Food Certification Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2028)

Figure 44. Europe Kosher Food Certification Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2028)

Figure 45. Europe Kosher Food Certification Revenue Market Share by Country (2017-2028)

Figure 46. Germany Kosher Food Certification Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)

Figure 47. France Kosher Food Certification Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)

Figure 48. United Kingdom Kosher Food Certification Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)

Figure 49. Russia Kosher Food Certification Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)

Figure 50. Italy Kosher Food Certification Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)

Figure 51. Asia-Pacific Kosher Food Certification Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2028)

Figure 52. Asia-Pacific Kosher Food Certification Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2028)

Figure 53. Asia-Pacific Kosher Food Certification Revenue Market Share by Region (2017-2028)

Figure 54. China Kosher Food Certification Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)

Figure 55. Japan Kosher Food Certification Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)

Figure 56. South Korea Kosher Food Certification Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)

Figure 57. India Kosher Food Certification Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)

Figure 58. Southeast Asia Kosher Food Certification Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)

Figure 59. Australia Kosher Food Certification Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)

Figure 60. South America Kosher Food Certification Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2028)

Figure 61. South America Kosher Food Certification Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2028)

Figure 62. South America Kosher Food Certification Revenue Market Share by Country (2017-2028)

Figure 63. Brazil Kosher Food Certification Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)

Figure 64. Argentina Kosher Food Certification Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)

Figure 65. Middle East and Africa Kosher Food Certification Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2028)

Figure 66. Middle East and Africa Kosher Food Certification Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2028)

Figure 67. Middle East and Africa Kosher Food Certification Revenue Market Share by Country (2017-2028)

Figure 68. Turkey Kosher Food Certification Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)

Figure 69. Saudi Arabia Kosher Food Certification Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)

Figure 70. UAE Kosher Food Certification Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)

Figure 71. Methodology

Figure 72. Research Process and Data Source