The Customer 360 market report provides a detailed analysis of global market size, regional and country-level market size, segmentation market growth, market share, competitive Landscape, sales analysis, impact of domestic and global market players, value chain optimization, trade regulations, recent developments, opportunities analysis, strategic market growth analysis, product launches, area marketplace expanding, and technological innovations.
According to our latest research, the global Customer 360 size is estimated to be USD xx million in 2026 from USD xx million in 2020, with a change XX% between 2020 and 2021. The global Customer 360 market size is expected to grow at a CAGR of xx% for the next five years.
Market segmentation
Customer 360 market is split by Type and by Application. For the period 2016-2026, the growth among segments provide accurate calculations and forecasts for revenue by Type and by Application. This analysis can help you expand your business by targeting qualified niche markets.
Market segment by Type, covers
Cloud Based
On-Premise
Market segment by Application, can be divided into
B2C
B2B
Market segment by players, this report covers
Salesforce
Mulesoft
Informatica
MarkLogic
AllSight
Verint Systems
Janrain
IBM
Oracle
Selligent
SAS
Vision Critical
Market segment by regions, regional analysis covers
North America (United States, Canada, and Mexico)
Europe (Germany, France, UK, Russia, Italy, and Rest of Europe)
Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, South Korea, India, Southeast Asia, Australia, and Rest of Asia-Pacific)
South America (Brazil, Argentina, Rest of South America)
Middle East & Africa (Turkey, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Rest of Middle East & Africa)
The base year for the study has been considered 2019, historic year 2014 and 2018, the forecast period considered is from 2020 to 2027. The regions analyzed for the market include North America, Europe, South America, Asia Pacific, and Middle East and Africa. These regions are further analyzed at the country-level. The study also includes attractiveness analysis of type, application and regions which are benchmarked based on their market size, growth rate and attractiveness in terms of present and future opportunity for understanding the future growth of the market.
Market is segmented on the basis:
The report offers in-depth analysis of driving factors, opportunities, restraints, and challenges for gaining the key insight of the market. The report emphasizes on all the key trends that play a vital role in the enlargement of the market from 2019 to 2026.
The report provides company profile of the key players operating in the market and a comparative analysis based on their business overviews industry offering, segment market share, regional presence, business strategies, innovations, mergers & acquisitions, recent developments, joint venture, collaborations, partnerships, SWOT analysis, and key financial information.
1 Market Overview
1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Customer 360
1.2 Classification of Customer 360 by Type
1.2.1 Overview: Global Customer 360 Market Size by Type: 2020 Versus 2021 Versus 2026
1.2.2 Global Customer 360 Revenue Market Share by Type in 2020
1.2.3 Cloud Based
1.2.4 On-Premise
1.3 Global Customer 360 Market by Application
1.3.1 Overview: Global Customer 360 Market Size by Application: 2020 Versus 2021 Versus 2026
1.3.2 B2C
1.3.3 B2B
1.4 Global Customer 360 Market Size & Forecast
1.5 Global Customer 360 Market Size and Forecast by Region
1.5.1 Global Customer 360 Market Size by Region: 2016 VS 2021 VS 2026
1.5.2 Global Customer 360 Market Size by Region, (2016-2021)
1.5.3 North America Customer 360 Market Size and Prospect (2016-2026)
1.5.4 Europe Customer 360 Market Size and Prospect (2016-2026)
1.5.5 Asia-Pacific Customer 360 Market Size and Prospect (2016-2026)
1.5.6 South America Customer 360 Market Size and Prospect (2016-2026)
1.5.7 Middle East and Africa Customer 360 Market Size and Prospect (2016-2026)
1.6 Market Drivers, Restraints and Trends
1.6.1 Customer 360 Market Drivers
1.6.2 Customer 360 Market Restraints
1.6.3 Customer 360 Trends Analysis
2 Company Profiles
2.1 Salesforce
2.1.1 Salesforce Details
2.1.2 Salesforce Major Business
2.1.3 Salesforce Customer 360 Product and Solutions
2.1.4 Salesforce Customer 360 Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2021)
2.1.5 Salesforce Recent Developments and Future Plans
2.2 Mulesoft
2.2.1 Mulesoft Details
2.2.2 Mulesoft Major Business
2.2.3 Mulesoft Customer 360 Product and Solutions
2.2.4 Mulesoft Customer 360 Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2021)
2.2.5 Mulesoft Recent Developments and Future Plans
2.3 Informatica
2.3.1 Informatica Details
2.3.2 Informatica Major Business
2.3.3 Informatica Customer 360 Product and Solutions
2.3.4 Informatica Customer 360 Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2021)
2.3.5 Informatica Recent Developments and Future Plans
2.4 MarkLogic
2.4.1 MarkLogic Details
2.4.2 MarkLogic Major Business
2.4.3 MarkLogic Customer 360 Product and Solutions
2.4.4 MarkLogic Customer 360 Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2021)
2.4.5 MarkLogic Recent Developments and Future Plans
2.5 AllSight
2.5.1 AllSight Details
2.5.2 AllSight Major Business
2.5.3 AllSight Customer 360 Product and Solutions
2.5.4 AllSight Customer 360 Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2021)
2.5.5 AllSight Recent Developments and Future Plans
2.6 Verint Systems
2.6.1 Verint Systems Details
2.6.2 Verint Systems Major Business
2.6.3 Verint Systems Customer 360 Product and Solutions
2.6.4 Verint Systems Customer 360 Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2021)
2.6.5 Verint Systems Recent Developments and Future Plans
2.7 Janrain
2.7.1 Janrain Details
2.7.2 Janrain Major Business
2.7.3 Janrain Customer 360 Product and Solutions
2.7.4 Janrain Customer 360 Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2021)
2.7.5 Janrain Recent Developments and Future Plans
2.8 IBM
2.8.1 IBM Details
2.8.2 IBM Major Business
2.8.3 IBM Customer 360 Product and Solutions
2.8.4 IBM Customer 360 Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2021)
2.8.5 IBM Recent Developments and Future Plans
2.9 Oracle
2.9.1 Oracle Details
2.9.2 Oracle Major Business
2.9.3 Oracle Customer 360 Product and Solutions
2.9.4 Oracle Customer 360 Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2021)
2.9.5 Oracle Recent Developments and Future Plans
2.10 Selligent
2.10.1 Selligent Details
2.10.2 Selligent Major Business
2.10.3 Selligent Customer 360 Product and Solutions
2.10.4 Selligent Customer 360 Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2021)
2.10.5 Selligent Recent Developments and Future Plans
2.11 SAS
2.11.1 SAS Details
2.11.2 SAS Major Business
2.11.3 SAS Customer 360 Product and Solutions
2.11.4 SAS Customer 360 Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2021)
2.11.5 SAS Recent Developments and Future Plans
2.12 Vision Critical
2.12.1 Vision Critical Details
2.12.2 Vision Critical Major Business
2.12.3 Vision Critical Customer 360 Product and Solutions
2.12.4 Vision Critical Customer 360 Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2021)
2.12.5 Vision Critical Recent Developments and Future Plans
3 Market Competition, by Players
3.1 Global Customer 360 Revenue and Share by Players (2019-2021)
3.2 Market Concentration Rate
3.2.1 Top 3 Customer 360 Players Market Share
3.2.2 Top 10 Customer 360 Players Market Share
3.2.3 Market Competition Trend
3.3 Customer 360 Players Head Office, Products and Services Provided
3.4 Mergers & Acquisitions
3.5 New Entrants and Expansion Plans
4 Market Size Segment by Type
4.1 Global Customer 360 Revenue and Market Share by Type (2016-2021)
4.2 Global Customer 360 Market Forecast by Type (2021-2026)
5 Market Size Segment by Application
5.1 Global Customer 360 Revenue Market Share by Application (2016-2021)
5.2 Customer 360 Market Forecast by Application (2021-2026)
6 North America by Country, by Type, and by Application
6.1 North America Customer 360 Revenue by Type (2016-2026)
6.2 North America Customer 360 Revenue by Application (2016-2026)
6.3 North America Customer 360 Market Size by Country
6.3.1 North America Customer 360 Revenue by Country (2016-2026)
6.3.2 United States Customer 360 Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026)
6.3.3 Canada Customer 360 Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026)
6.3.4 Mexico Customer 360 Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026)
7 Europe by Country, by Type, and by Application
7.1 Europe Customer 360 Revenue by Type (2016-2026)
7.2 Europe Customer 360 Revenue by Application (2016-2026)
7.3 Europe Customer 360 Market Size by Country
7.3.1 Europe Customer 360 Revenue by Country (2016-2026)
7.3.2 Germany Customer 360 Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026)
7.3.3 France Customer 360 Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026)
7.3.4 United Kingdom Customer 360 Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026)
7.3.5 Russia Customer 360 Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026)
7.3.6 Italy Customer 360 Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026)
8 Asia-Pacific by Region, by Type, and by Application
8.1 Asia-Pacific Customer 360 Revenue by Type (2016-2026)
8.2 Asia-Pacific Customer 360 Revenue by Application (2016-2026)
8.3 Asia-Pacific Customer 360 Market Size by Region
8.3.1 Asia-Pacific Customer 360 Revenue by Region (2016-2026)
8.3.2 China Customer 360 Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026)
8.3.3 Japan Customer 360 Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026)
8.3.4 South Korea Customer 360 Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026)
8.3.5 India Customer 360 Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026)
8.3.6 Southeast Asia Customer 360 Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026)
8.3.7 Australia Customer 360 Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026)
9 South America by Country, by Type, and by Application
9.1 South America Customer 360 Revenue by Type (2016-2026)
9.2 South America Customer 360 Revenue by Application (2016-2026)
9.3 South America Customer 360 Market Size by Country
9.3.1 South America Customer 360 Revenue by Country (2016-2026)
9.3.2 Brazil Customer 360 Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026)
9.3.3 Argentina Customer 360 Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026)
10 Middle East & Africa by Country, by Type, and by Application
10.1 Middle East & Africa Customer 360 Revenue by Type (2016-2026)
10.2 Middle East & Africa Customer 360 Revenue by Application (2016-2026)
10.3 Middle East & Africa Customer 360 Market Size by Country
10.3.1 Middle East & Africa Customer 360 Revenue by Country (2016-2026)
10.3.2 Turkey Customer 360 Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026)
10.3.3 Saudi Arabia Customer 360 Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026)
10.3.4 UAE Customer 360 Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026)
11 Research Findings and Conclusion
12 Appendix
12.1 Methodology
12.2 Research Process and Data Source
12.3 Disclaimer
List of Tables
Table 1. Global Customer 360 Revenue by Type, (USD Million), 2020 VS 2021 VS 2026
Table 2. Global Customer 360 Revenue by Application, (USD Million), 2020 VS 2021 VS 2026
Table 3. Global Market Customer 360 Revenue (Million USD) Comparison by Region (2016 VS 2021 VS 2026)
Table 4. Global Customer 360 Revenue (USD Million) by Region (2016-2021)
Table 5. Global Customer 360 Revenue Market Share by Region (2021-2026)
Table 6. Salesforce Corporate Information, Head Office, and Major Competitors
Table 7. Salesforce Major Business
Table 8. Salesforce Customer 360 Product and Solutions
Table 9. Salesforce Customer 360 Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2021)
Table 10. Mulesoft Corporate Information, Head Office, and Major Competitors
Table 11. Mulesoft Major Business
Table 12. Mulesoft Customer 360 Product and Solutions
Table 13. Mulesoft Customer 360 Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2021)
Table 14. Informatica Corporate Information, Head Office, and Major Competitors
Table 15. Informatica Major Business
Table 16. Informatica Customer 360 Product and Solutions
Table 17. Informatica Customer 360 Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2021)
Table 18. MarkLogic Corporate Information, Head Office, and Major Competitors
Table 19. MarkLogic Major Business
Table 20. MarkLogic Customer 360 Product and Solutions
Table 21. MarkLogic Customer 360 Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2021)
Table 22. AllSight Corporate Information, Head Office, and Major Competitors
Table 23. AllSight Major Business
Table 24. AllSight Customer 360 Product and Solutions
Table 25. AllSight Customer 360 Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2021)
Table 26. Verint Systems Corporate Information, Head Office, and Major Competitors
Table 27. Verint Systems Major Business
Table 28. Verint Systems Customer 360 Product and Solutions
Table 29. Verint Systems Customer 360 Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2021)
Table 30. Janrain Corporate Information, Head Office, and Major Competitors
Table 31. Janrain Major Business
Table 32. Janrain Customer 360 Product and Solutions
Table 33. Janrain Customer 360 Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2021)
Table 34. IBM Corporate Information, Head Office, and Major Competitors
Table 35. IBM Major Business
Table 36. IBM Customer 360 Product and Solutions
Table 37. IBM Customer 360 Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2021)
Table 38. Oracle Corporate Information, Head Office, and Major Competitors
Table 39. Oracle Major Business
Table 40. Oracle Customer 360 Product and Solutions
Table 41. Oracle Customer 360 Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2021)
Table 42. Selligent Corporate Information, Head Office, and Major Competitors
Table 43. Selligent Major Business
Table 44. Selligent Customer 360 Product and Solutions
Table 45. Selligent Customer 360 Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2021)
Table 46. SAS Corporate Information, Head Office, and Major Competitors
Table 47. SAS Major Business
Table 48. SAS Customer 360 Product and Solutions
Table 49. SAS Customer 360 Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2021)
Table 50. Vision Critical Corporate Information, Head Office, and Major Competitors
Table 51. Vision Critical Major Business
Table 52. Vision Critical Customer 360 Product and Solutions
Table 53. Vision Critical Customer 360 Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2021)
Table 54. Global Customer 360 Revenue (USD Million) by Players (2019-2021)
Table 55. Global Customer 360 Revenue Share by Players (2019-2021)
Table 56. Breakdown of Customer 360 by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3)
Table 57. Customer 360 Players Head Office, Products and Services Provided
Table 58. Customer 360 Mergers & Acquisitions in the Past Five Years
Table 59. Customer 360 New Entrants and Expansion Plans
Table 60. Global Customer 360 Revenue (USD Million) by Type (2016-2021)
Table 61. Global Customer 360 Revenue Share by Type (2016-2021)
Table 62. Global Customer 360 Revenue Forecast by Type (2021-2026)
Table 63. Global Customer 360 Revenue by Application (2016-2021)
Table 64. Global Customer 360 Revenue Forecast by Application (2021-2026)
Table 65. North America Customer 360 Revenue by Type (2016-2021) & (USD Million)
Table 66. North America Customer 360 Revenue by Type (2021-2026) & (USD Million)
Table 67. North America Customer 360 Revenue by Application (2016-2021) & (USD Million)
Table 68. North America Customer 360 Revenue by Application (2021-2026) & (USD Million)
Table 69. North America Customer 360 Revenue by Country (2016-2021) & (USD Million)
Table 70. North America Customer 360 Revenue by Country (2021-2026) & (USD Million)
Table 71. Europe Customer 360 Revenue by Type (2016-2021) & (USD Million)
Table 72. Europe Customer 360 Revenue by Type (2021-2026) & (USD Million)
Table 73. Europe Customer 360 Revenue by Application (2016-2021) & (USD Million)
Table 74. Europe Customer 360 Revenue by Application (2021-2026) & (USD Million)
Table 75. Europe Customer 360 Revenue by Country (2016-2021) & (USD Million)
Table 76. Europe Customer 360 Revenue by Country (2021-2026) & (USD Million)
Table 77. Asia-Pacific Customer 360 Revenue by Type (2016-2021) & (USD Million)
Table 78. Asia-Pacific Customer 360 Revenue by Type (2021-2026) & (USD Million)
Table 79. Asia-Pacific Customer 360 Revenue by Application (2016-2021) & (USD Million)
Table 80. Asia-Pacific Customer 360 Revenue by Application (2021-2026) & (USD Million)
Table 81. Asia-Pacific Customer 360 Revenue by Region (2016-2021) & (USD Million)
Table 82. Asia-Pacific Customer 360 Revenue by Region (2021-2026) & (USD Million)
Table 83. South America Customer 360 Revenue by Type (2016-2021) & (USD Million)
Table 84. South America Customer 360 Revenue by Type (2021-2026) & (USD Million)
Table 85. South America Customer 360 Revenue by Application (2016-2021) & (USD Million)
Table 86. South America Customer 360 Revenue by Application (2021-2026) & (USD Million)
Table 87. South America Customer 360 Revenue by Country (2016-2021) & (USD Million)
Table 88. South America Customer 360 Revenue by Country (2021-2026) & (USD Million)
Table 89. Middle East & Africa Customer 360 Revenue by Type (2016-2021) & (USD Million)
Table 90. Middle East & Africa Customer 360 Revenue by Type (2021-2026) & (USD Million)
Table 91. Middle East & Africa Customer 360 Revenue by Application (2016-2021) & (USD Million)
Table 92. Middle East & Africa Customer 360 Revenue by Application (2021-2026) & (USD Million)
Table 93. Middle East & Africa Customer 360 Revenue by Country (2016-2021) & (USD Million)
Table 94. Middle East & Africa Customer 360 Revenue by Country (2021-2026) & (USD Million)
List of Figures
Figure 1. Customer 360 Picture
Figure 2. Global Customer 360 Revenue Market Share by Type in 2020
Figure 3. Cloud Based
Figure 4. On-Premise
Figure 5. Customer 360 Revenue Market Share by Application in 2020
Figure 6. B2C Picture
Figure 7. B2B Picture
Figure 8. Global Customer 360 Revenue, (USD Million): 2020 VS 2021 VS 2026
Figure 9. Global Customer 360 Revenue and Forecast (2016-2026) & (USD Million)
Figure 10. Global Customer 360 Revenue Market Share by Region (2016-2026)
Figure 11. Global Customer 360 Revenue Market Share by Region in 2020
Figure 12. North America Customer 360 Revenue (USD Million) and Growth Rate (2016-2026)
Figure 13. Europe Customer 360 Revenue (USD Million) and Growth Rate (2016-2026)
Figure 14. Asia-Pacific Customer 360 Revenue (USD Million) and Growth Rate (2016-2026)
Figure 15. South America Customer 360 Revenue (USD Million) and Growth Rate (2016-2026)
Figure 16. Middle East and Africa Customer 360 Revenue (USD Million) and Growth Rate (2016-2026)
Figure 17. Customer 360 Market Drivers
Figure 18. Customer 360 Market Restraints
Figure 19. Customer 360 Market Trends
Figure 20. Salesforce Recent Developments and Future Plans
Figure 21. Mulesoft Recent Developments and Future Plans
Figure 22. Informatica Recent Developments and Future Plans
Figure 23. MarkLogic Recent Developments and Future Plans
Figure 24. AllSight Recent Developments and Future Plans
Figure 25. Verint Systems Recent Developments and Future Plans
Figure 26. Janrain Recent Developments and Future Plans
Figure 27. IBM Recent Developments and Future Plans
Figure 28. Oracle Recent Developments and Future Plans
Figure 29. Selligent Recent Developments and Future Plans
Figure 30. SAS Recent Developments and Future Plans
Figure 31. Vision Critical Recent Developments and Future Plans
Figure 32. Global Customer 360 Revenue Share by Players in 2020
Figure 33. Customer 360 Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3)
Figure 34. Global Top 3 Players Customer 360 Revenue Market Share in 2020
Figure 35. Global Top 10 Players Customer 360 Revenue Market Share in 2020
Figure 36. Key Players Market Share Trend (Top 3 Market Share: 2019 VS 2020 VS 2021)
Figure 37. Global Customer 360 Revenue Share by Type in 2020
Figure 38. Global Customer 360 Market Share Forecast by Type (2021-2026)
Figure 39. Global Customer 360 Revenue Share by Application in 2020
Figure 40. Global Customer 360 Market Share Forecast by Application (2021-2026)
Figure 41. North America Customer 360 Sales Market Share by Type (2016-2026)
Figure 42. North America Customer 360 Sales Market Share by Application (2016-2026)
Figure 43. North America Customer 360 Revenue Market Share by Country (2016-2026)
Figure 44. United States Customer 360 Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2026) & (USD Million)
Figure 45. Canada Customer 360 Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2026) & (USD Million)
Figure 46. Mexico Customer 360 Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2026) & (USD Million)
Figure 47. Europe Customer 360 Sales Market Share by Type (2016-2026)
Figure 48. Europe Customer 360 Sales Market Share by Application (2016-2026)
Figure 49. Europe Customer 360 Revenue Market Share by Country (2016-2026)
Figure 50. Germany Customer 360 Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2026) & (USD Million)
Figure 51. France Customer 360 Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2026) & (USD Million)
Figure 52. United Kingdom Customer 360 Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2026) & (USD Million)
Figure 53. Russia Customer 360 Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2026) & (USD Million)
Figure 54. Italy Customer 360 Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2026) & (USD Million)
Figure 55. Asia-Pacific Customer 360 Sales Market Share by Type (2016-2026)
Figure 56. Asia-Pacific Customer 360 Sales Market Share by Application (2016-2026)
Figure 57. Asia-Pacific Customer 360 Revenue Market Share by Region (2016-2026)
Figure 58. China Customer 360 Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2026) & (USD Million)
Figure 59. Japan Customer 360 Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2026) & (USD Million)
Figure 60. South Korea Customer 360 Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2026) & (USD Million)
Figure 61. India Customer 360 Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2026) & (USD Million)
Figure 62. Southeast Asia Customer 360 Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2026) & (USD Million)
Figure 63. Australia Customer 360 Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2026) & (USD Million)
Figure 64. South America Customer 360 Sales Market Share by Type (2016-2026)
Figure 65. South America Customer 360 Sales Market Share by Application (2016-2026)
Figure 66. South America Customer 360 Revenue Market Share by Country (2016-2026)
Figure 67. Brazil Customer 360 Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2026) & (USD Million)
Figure 68. Argentina Customer 360 Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2026) & (USD Million)
Figure 69. Middle East and Africa Customer 360 Sales Market Share by Type (2016-2026)
Figure 70. Middle East and Africa Customer 360 Sales Market Share by Application (2016-2026)
Figure 71. Middle East and Africa Customer 360 Revenue Market Share by Country (2016-2026)
Figure 72. Turkey Customer 360 Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2026) & (USD Million)
Figure 73. Saudi Arabia Customer 360 Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2026) & (USD Million)
Figure 74. UAE Customer 360 Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2026) & (USD Million)
Figure 75. Methodology
Figure 76. Research Process and Data Source